One of the old penal codes of the Philippines named after the Datu who created it, which consists of 18 simple rules of conduct with their corresponding punishment?

The Code of Kalantiaw is recognized as one of the ancient penal codes of the Philippines, attributed to Datu Kalantiaw, who is said to have established this code during the pre-colonial period. This code comprises 18 straightforward rules of conduct, each accompanied by specific penalties for violations. The rules were designed to maintain order and promote societal harmony within the community.

The historical significance of the Code of Kalantiaw lies in its representation of early forms of governance and legal frameworks in Filipino society. It serves as an embodiment of the values upheld by the Datu and reflects the customs and norms of the time.

In relation to the other options, they refer to distinct codes or historical texts not specifically linked to this penal framework. The Code of Sumakwel and the Code of Maragtas, for instance, are associated with different aspects of Philippine history and lore, but they do not outline penal regulations in the manner that the Code of Kalantiaw does. Thus, the emphasis on the 18 rules and their associated punishments distinctly identifies the Code of Kalantiaw as the correct answer.