Pardon cannot be extended for which of the following instances?

A pardon is a form of clemency that removes the legal effects of a conviction, effectively absolving the individual from the consequences of their criminal actions. However, the power to issue pardons is often limited by legal and constitutional frameworks, and certain situations can render a person ineligible for pardon.

In the case of impeachment, the process is a political tool used by legislative bodies to remove public officials from office due to misconduct. It is distinct from a criminal conviction, as impeachment pertains to violations of duties while in office rather than criminal offenses. Even if an official were pardoned for a crime, impeachment would still stand as a determination of unfitness for office. Because impeachment is about the accountability of officials rather than individual criminal acts, it is not something that can be pardoned in the same way as a criminal conviction.

Thus, while individuals convicted of murder, brigandage, or rape may seek a pardon in certain circumstances, the impeachment process remains a different avenue that does not involve clemency for past actions or offenses.