What is the traditional primary goal of penology?

The traditional primary goal of penology is primarily considered to be deterrence. This approach is based on the idea that the fear of punishment can prevent individuals from committing crimes. Deterrence operates under two main concepts: general deterrence, which aims to dissuade the public from committing crimes by setting an example through the punishment of offenders, and specific deterrence, which focuses on preventing the individual offender from reoffending through the consequences they face.

The concept of deterrence has been a foundational element in the development of penal systems, emphasizing the importance of punishment as a means of shaping behavior and maintaining social order. This focus on deterrence underscores the belief that clear and consistent consequences for criminal behavior can deter potential offenders and reduce crime rates.

While other goals such as rehabilitation, retribution, and incapacitation are important components of modern penology, deterrence remains significant in discussions around punishment and crime prevention strategies.