Which of the following is NOT a form of executive clemency?

The correct answer is B, as the reform model does not qualify as a form of executive clemency. Executive clemency is a power exercised by a governor or president to mitigate the punishment of individuals who have been convicted of crimes. It encompasses actions such as pardons, commutations, and amnesties, which serve the purpose of relieving or forgiving offenders in some capacity.

A commutation reduces the severity of the punishment without nullifying the conviction itself, allowing the person to serve a lesser sentence. A pardon is a complete forgiveness of the crime, absolving the individual of the legal consequences of their offense. Amnesty, on the other hand, is often broader and can wipe clean the consequences for a group of people, typically for political reasons or during times of societal crisis.

The reform model, however, relates more to systemic approaches in corrections aimed at improving rehabilitation and reducing recidivism, rather than an individual act of clemency granted to those convicted of crimes. This distinction highlights why the reform model does not fit within the definition of executive clemency.