Which of these approaches is focused on reforming offenders while they are under supervision?

The approach that focuses on reforming offenders while they are under supervision is rehabilitation. Rehabilitation aims to help individuals change their behavior, address underlying issues such as substance abuse or mental health problems, and develop skills that will aid in their reintegration into society. This is done through various programs and therapeutic interventions that are designed to promote positive changes and reduce the likelihood of reoffending.

By concentrating on personal development and support during supervision, rehabilitation not only seeks to diminish recidivism rates but also assists offenders in becoming productive members of society. This contrasts with other approaches, such as deterrence, which primarily seeks to prevent crime through fear of punishment, or retribution, which emphasizes punishment for past actions rather than future reform. Incarceration, while it may include rehabilitative components, is primarily focused on confinement rather than active reform efforts.